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Managerial backgrounds

Capture how managers describe their positions, qualifications, and experiences

The Managerial Background analysis tool enables researchers to examine how top managers and directors present their backgrounds to organizational stakeholders. The rich representation of the specific information in each sentence of a manager's background enables comparisons to be made on theoretically meaningful dimensions of the text.
Integrating research on managerial backgrounds with work on impression management and corporate disclosures
​Overview
While essentially every sentence in managerial backgrounds is unique - managers have worked for different firms, have different job titles, and have different employment dates - there is a substantial similarity in the dimensions of the underlying material discussed.

Capturing the representation
Through substantial qualitative consideration of the text, identifying themes and similarities between the sentences, we developed data-structures that represent essentially everything that is discussed, reflecting the underlying material, with surface-level variations removed. For managerial backgrounds, we enable each sentence to be captured in five primary data structures, each detailed further below:
  • Positions, including all dates of employment, position titles, company names, and firm characterizations
  • Qualifications, including degree subject, level, university and graduation dates
  • Experiences, including functional, industry and geographic areas
  • Professional licenses, such as licenses
  • Backgrounds information, including managerial names to facilitate connection to other data
Transforming the underlying discussion into these consistent representations enable comparisons to be made between text on specific dimensions of interest, as well as easy aggregations of the contained information to the desired unit of analysis.

By consistently capturing the underlying information, we aim to make it as easy to make comparisons between desired dimensions of texts, as comparisons between financial information.
Making it easy to compare specific dimensions of interest
Possibilities enabled include:
  • Changing Characterizations: Which experiences and positions are omitted, or how the characterization of employers
  • Field/societal trends: Evolution in the experiences discussed; how external shock influence characterization trends
  • Reciprocal relationship between characterization and behavior: How i) the characterization in managerial backgrounds influence managerial behaviors, and ii) how these behaviors influence firm actions
  • Influence patterns: How re-characterization of experiences diffuse across the interlock network

Positions

{  
  "ORIGINAL_SENTENCE":"From October 2001 to November 2004, she served as Vice President of Operations and a  
                       director for QRS Corp., a gold mining company, and between March 1996 and May 2001 was the
                       CEO of Vaynol Clothing, a leading US retailer of women's clothing",
  "POSITIONS":[  
   { "ORIGINAL":"From October 2001 to November 2004, she served as Vice President of Operations and a director of
                  QRS Corp., a retail supply chain software and services company",
     "START_DATE":{"ORIGINAL":"October 2001","YEAR":2001,"MONTH":10},
     "END_DATE":{"ORIGINAL":"November 2004","YEAR":2004,"MONTH":11},
     "JOB_TITLES":[{"ORIGINAL":"Vice President of Operations","LEVEL":"VICE_PRESIDENT","AREA":["OPERATIONS"]},
                      {"ORIGINAL":"Director","LEVEL":"DIRECTOR"}],
     "COMPANY":{"ORIGINAL":"QRS Corp.","CLEANED":"QRS"},
     "COMPANY_DESCRIPTION":{"ORIGINAL":"NYSE-listed gold mining company",
                            "LISTING-OWNERSHIP":{"OWNERSHIP_TYPE":"PUBLICALLY_LISTED",
                                                "EXCHANGE":[{"EXCHANGE_NAME":"NYSE","COUNTRY":"USA"}]},
                            "INDUSTRY":{"NAICS_3_DIGIT":212,
                                      "NAICS_3_DESCRIPTION":"Mining (except oil and gas)"}}},
   { "ORIGINAL":"between March 1996 and May 2001 was the CEO of Vaynol Clothing, a leading US retailer of women's
                 clothing",
     "START_DATE":{"ORIGINAL":"March 1996","YEAR":1996,"MONTH":3},
     "END_DATE":{"ORIGINAL":"May 2001","YEAR":2001,"MONTH":5},
     "JOB_TITLES":[{"ORIGINAL":"CEO","LEVEL":"CEO"}],
     "COMPANY":{"ORIGINAL":"VAYNOL Clothing","CLEANED":"VAYNOL COTHING"},
     "COMPANY_DESCRIPTION":{"ORIGINAL":"leading US retailer of women's clothing",
                          "INDUSTRY":{"NAICS_3_DIGIT":448,
                                "NAICS_3_DESCRIPTION":"Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores"},
                          "REGION":[{"COUNTRY":"USA"}],
                          "CHARACTERIZATION":[{"TERM":"leading","AREA":"LEADING"}]}
} 
See full specification >

Qualifications

{  
"ORIGINAL_SENTENCE":"Mr. Doe earned a Bachelor of Science in engineering from the University of
                     Michigan in 1980 and a Master of Business Administration from the Stanford Graduate    
                     School of Business in 1985.",
  "QUALIFICATIONS":[  
      {  
        "EDUCATION_INSTITUTION":{"ORIGINAL":"University of Michigan","UNIVERSITY":"UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN"},
        "DEGREE":{"ORIGINAL":"Bachelor of Science in engineering",  
                  "LEVEL":"UNDERGRADUATE/BACHELORS","SUBJECTS":["ENGINEERING"]},
        "GRADUATION_DATE":{"ORIGINAL":"1980","YEAR": 1980}
      },
      {  
        "EDUCATION_INSTITUTION":{"ORIGINAL":"Stanford Graduate School of Business",
                           "UNIVERSITY":"STANFORD UNIVERSITY","DEPARTMENT":"Graduate School of Business"},
        "DEGREE":{"ORIGINAL":"Master of Business Administration", 	   
                  "LEVEL":"GRADUATE/MASTERS","SUBJECTS":["BUSINESS"]},  
        "GRADUATION_DATE":{"ORIGINAL":"1985","YEAR": 1985}
      }
   ]
}
See full specification >

Experiences

{  
"ORIGINAL_SENTENCE":"Jone Doe has spent 5 years working in the automotive industry",
  "BACKGROUND":{"PERSON_NAME":{"ORIGINAL":"Mr. Doe","NAME_TITLE":"MR","LAST_NAME":"DOE"},
  "EXPERIENCE":[{"ORIGINAL":"worked in the automotive industry for 5 years",
  	        "LENGTH_OF_TIME":{"ORIGINAL":"5 years","UNIT":"YEAR","QUANTITY":5},
                "AREAS":{"ORIGINAL":"automotive industry","NAICS_3_DIGIT":336,
                         "NAICS_3_DESCRIPTION":"Transportation Equipment Manufacturing"},
                "EXPERIENCE_TYPE":{"ORIGINAL":"worked","TYPE":"WORK"}
}
See full specification >

Professional Licenses

{  
"ORIGINAL_SENTENCE":"Mr. Doe is licensed to practice law in the State of Michigan",
  "BACKGROUND":{"PERSON_NAME":{"ORIGINAL":"Mr. Doe","NAME_TITLE":"MR","LAST_NAME":"DOE"},
  "PROFESSIONAL_LICENSE":[  
      {  
         "ORIGINAL":"licensed to practice law in the State of Michigan",
         "AREA":"LAW",
         "REGIONS":[{"COUNTRY":"USA","STATE":"MI"}]
      }]
}
See full specification >

Our Focus

Managerial Backgrounds
Committee Oversight
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APPROACH

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  • Home
  • Focus Areas
    • Managerial backgrounds
    • Committee activities
    • Performance evaluations
  • Articles
    • Theory
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  • Help and Support
    • Using Menai Insight
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    • Manage Your Account
    • Contact Support
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